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    1. Tonio Andrade, How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century. New York: Columbia University Press, 2008.
    2. Tonio Andrade, Lost Colony: The Untold Story of China’s First Great Victory over the West. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011.
    3. 吳聰敏,〈荷蘭統治時期之村社承包制度〉,2007(國立臺灣大學經濟學系工作論文)。
    4. 荷蘭東印度公司戶口表(1647–1656)人口數,經維基百科「臺灣荷蘭統治時期」等條目轉引。
    5. Wikipedia, “Dutch Formosa,” “Spanish Formosa,” “Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa,” “Landdag.”(2026 年 10 月查閱)